Elevator Pitch ABNA - Biobanking: Shaping the Future Together

185.  Are we ready for rust? Biobanking conservation strategies for Myrtle Rust affected species in Western Australia. (#20)

Emma L Dalziell 1 2 , Bryn Funnekotter 2 , Matthew D Barrett 1 2 3 4 , Alyssa M Martino 5 6 , Matthew Stray 7 , Amanda Shade 7 , David Merritt 1 2
  1. University of Western Australia, Perth
  2. Kings Park Science, Department of Biodiversity Conservation and Attractions, Perth
  3. Australian Tropical Herbarium, Cairns
  4. Western Australian Herbarium, Perth
  5. School of Life and Environmental Science, University of Sydney, Sydney
  6. Botanic Gardens of Sydney, Sydney
  7. Botanic Gardens and Parks Authority, Department of Biodiversity Conservation and Attractions, Perth

Myrtle rust is a plant disease caused through infection by the fungus Austropuccinia psidii and was first detected in Australia in 2010. The disease has spread rapidly through New South Wales, Victoria, Queensland, the Northern Territory and Tasmania. In this short timeframe, myrtle rust has had a devastating impact on many native species in the family Myrtaceae, including several rainforest species that are now at risk of extinction. In 2022, myrtle rust was first detected in the northern part of Western Australia (WA) – the largest state in Australia. Western Australia is home to ca. 2,000 Myrtaceae taxa (ca. 60% of Australia’s Myrtaceae diversity), many of which form the dominant component of the vegetation across several ecosystems (e.g. Eucalyptus, Corymbia, Melaleuca, Agonis, Verticordia etc.). While modelling suggests that the environmental conditions in WA’s north are less conducive to myrtle rust in comparison to the wet, temperate rainforests of the east coast, WA’s temperate, Myrtaceae-rich south coast may be climatically suitable. Coupled with the sheer abundance of Myrtaceae species in the south-west, their high degree of endemism, high proportion of threatened species, and little available information on their susceptibility to myrtle rust, a pre-emptive strategy to conserve germplasm of at-risk species is warranted. We highlight the role that biobanking plays in responding to biosecurity threats such as myrtle rust. With early intervention critical to sourcing healthy and genetically diverse germplasm, we present a prioritised list of genera and species of Myrtaceae in WA to inform strategic, coordinated, and timely ex situ conservation actions, along with case studies to illustrate the complementary approaches of seed banking, cryobiotechnology, and tissue culture necessary to conserve germplasm of WA’s myrtaceous flora.